Charlotte as Penelope - Literature Essay Samples

In Goethes Sorrows of Young Werther, Werther compares himself with the suitors from Homers Odyssey. At first his comparison seems only to be an ironic parallel. Like other instances where Werther is over-dramatic and silly in his grand metaphors, it is natural to laugh at the comparison, take little notice, and continue reading. But, in this case, the comparison has several layers of depth since Charlotte, too, has much in common with another Homerian character: Penelope. Charlottes character resonates with Penelopes because they share many roles: both play the nurturing mother, the loyal wife. And, paradoxically they play these roles of the mother and wife while simultaneously acting as unconscious sirens. Because both Charlottes and Werthers lives are fashioned so closely to Penelopes and the suitors, Werthers relationship with Charlotte also parallels the suitors treatment by Penelope: he is destroyed by his love for her.Upon first reading, Werthers comparison of himself and the suitors from The Odyssey seems to just be ironic, a device that Goethe uses to create humor. Soon after meeting Charlotte for the first time, Werther describes how gathering sugar peas and cooking them helps him vividly recall the illustrious suitors of Penelope, killing, dressing and roasting their own oxen and swine. The first example of irony here is that he casts opposite things as being very similar: he compares pea-gathering to slaughtering wild animals, growing ones vegetables to stealing another mans property and gently stirring peas in butter to dressing and roasting meat. Another example of irony comes when Werther comments, Nothing fills me with a more pure and genuine happiness that those traits of patriarchal life, which, thank Heaven! I can imitate without affectation. This is ironic because it is obvious from his discussion of picking and cooking peas that Werther is living a matriarchal life: few nineteenth century Germans would consider cooking vegetables to be manly. Also, it is ironic that Werther would even consider making the comparison between himself and Penelopes suitors. After all, the suitors in The Odyssey are not admirable characters; they leach off the property of a lost war hero, threaten to kill his son and party in his home as his wife, Penelope, weeps for him. Yet, Werther admires these characters for their patriarchal lifestyles. Despite these lifestyles, it still seems strange that Werther would want to see himself as similar to the suitors since the suitors fail in their quest for Penelopes affections. It would make more sense if Werther had seen himself as analogous to a swash-buckling Don Juan who could sweep women, even betrothed ones, off their feet. But since Werthers daydream is of failed suitors, not successful ones, there may be more to his comparison than humorous irony.Although the parallels between Werthers life and the suitors seems only ironic, real and extensive similarities exist between the characters of Penelope and Charlotte indicating that Werthers comparison may have more substance than just pure irony. In fact, Penelope and Charlotte have four major roles in common: they play mothers, wives, seductresses and sirens. Penelope is regarded in different lights by the male characters around her: Odysseus regards her as his wife; Telemachos, as his mother; and the suitors, as a seductress whom they court but who in fact, like a siren, is destroying them. Similarly, Charlotte simultaneously acts these roles: she acts as the loyal wife to Albert, as the nurturing mother to her brothers and sisters and as the seductress and siren to Werther. First, in making this comparison, the maternal traits of both Penelope and Charlotte should be explained. Penelope is, at all times, a mother to Telemachos. Throughout The Odyssey, Penelope is described as a strong mother, who brings her son to his coming of age, without the help of a father. Similarly, Charlottes role as the moth er is shown in her interaction with the children. At dinner, She was holding a loaf of dark bread in her hand and was cutting slices for the little ones all round, in proportion to their age and appetite. She performed her task with such affection and each child awaited his turn with outstretched hands. Here Charlotte is the paragon of motherhood  ­ feeding hungry little children with affection and care. Just as a child loves receiving care from her mother and none other, the children tell Charlotte that another sisters care isnt as good as Charlottes care: . . . A fair-haired girl, about six years old, said, ÂÅ'Sophie isnt you, Charlotte, and we like you best.' Later, in the novel, Charlotte explains to Werther that her mother on her deathbed had asked Charlotte to be a mother for the children; her mother said, You are a promising much, my child  ­ a mothers love and a mothers eye . . . show it to your brothers and sisters. Clearly, even Charlottes mother recognizes t he maternal aspects of Charlottes character. Not only does Charlotte play the role of the mother to perfection but she also plays well, like faithful Penelope, in the role of the loyal wife. While dancing with Werther for the first time, Charlotte explains that she is as good as engaged to a worthy man named Albert. Later, after Charlotte and Albert are married, Charlotte frequently exhibits her faith to her husband. When he is away on business, Charlotte writes a letter that says, My dearest love, come back as soon as you can; I await you with all my love. Throughout the novel, Charlotte is both a loving wife and a nurturing mother just as Penelope was in the Odyssey.Wife and mother are compatible and complementary roles so it is not surprising that both Penelope and Charlotte play these parts well. However, a loyal wife and nurturing mother should not be a seductress and siren since these roles are contradictory. The most important similarity between Penelope and Charlotte is that both play the role of the seductress and siren. The contradictions in Penelopes behavior, one moment the loyal wife awaiting Odysseus and welcoming the beggar, the next exhibiting herself to the suitors and calling for the contest, stem from contradictions in the desires of her character. Penelope must be the loyal wife and mother to sustain her place in society, yet she simultaneously yearns for passion. Although she cannot admit it to her conscious self, she is fond of the suitors who have destroyed her home and eaten her fortunes. She explains to Odysseus, disguised as the beggar, that she has had a dream: Listen, then, to a dream that I have had . . . I have twenty geese . . . and of which I am exceedingly fond. I dreamed that a great eagle came swooping down from a mountain, and dug his curved beak into the neck of each of them till he had killed them all . . . I wept in my room till all my maids gathered round me, so piteously was I grieving because the eagle had k illed my geese. Odysseus replied, ÂÅ'This dream can admit but of one interpretation. The death of the suitors is portended, and not one single one of them will escape.' Only in the dream does Penelope admit that she has fondness for the geese, the metaphorical wooers. Her dream casts doubt on her professed dislike of the suitors. At the beginning of the novel, Penelope is described as clever because for three years she promises the suitors she will marry one of them as soon as she finishes weaving a shroud for Odysseus father. By day, she weaves and at night she unweaves; in doing so, she keeps the suitors at bay for three years before they find out about her scheme. Knowing from her dream that she harbors a secret fondness for them, it seems clear that the purpose of her cleverness is to keep the suitors wooing her for as long as possible, thereby allowing her to simultaneously maintain her loyalty to Odysseus and fulfill her desire to seduce those suitors of which she is se cretly fond.Similar contradictory behavior is found in Charlotte who seduces Werther because of an unconscious romantic fondness for him. Charlottes seduction is found throughout her relationship with Werther. For his birthday, Charlotte sends him a ribbon from the dress she wore the first time she danced with him. Her gift is romantic and suggestive, certainly not the sort of momento that a platonic friend would give as a gift. [Werther] kissed the ribbon a thousand times, and in every breath inhaled the keenest joy. Even as Werther enjoys the gift, he recognizes his fate  ­ he is powerless in Charlottes seduction. Such, Wilhelm, is our fate. I do not complain; the flowers of life are but illusions. Another instance where Charlotte plainly flirts with Werther occurs when a canary lands on her shoulder: [The bird] can kiss me too  ­ look! She held the bird to her mouth and he pressed her sweet lips as if he felt the bliss. ÂÅ'He shall kiss you too, she added. Hi s little beak moved from her mouth to mine, and the touch of his peck seemed like the foretaste of the sweetest happiness. Werther recognizes the innocent seduction and tries to keep from being taken in by her charms: I turned away. She shouldnt do this. She shouldnt excite my imagination with all this heavenly bliss nor awaken my heart from the slumber to which the monotony of life sometimes lulls it. Soon, her seduction becomes Werthers destruction.For Werther, the parallel between life and fiction is not without consequence: novels suggest fate for him and the misfortunes of novels heroes are his own . Just as the suitors of Penelope are destroyed by Odysseus for their desires, Charlotte, too, is a siren, seducing Werther into self-destruction. And Werther, internalizing the doomed fate of Homers suitors recognizes his own fate. Werther first recognizes the destructive consequences of his desire for Charlotte six weeks after they meet. Whenever he is within a half-hour wal k of Walheim, he must see her: I am within the enchanted atmosphere, and suddenly find myself at her side. My grandmother used to tell us a story of a mountain of loadstone. Any ships that came near it were instantly deprived of their ironwork; the nails flew to the mountain and the unhappy crew perished amidst the debris of the planks.In other ways, Charlotte is like a siren; she has a sirens call, her piano music. There is a melody which she plays on the piano . . .Its her favorite song, and when she strikes the first note all my worry and sorrow disappear in a moment. How her simple song enchants me! As the novel progresses and Werther falls further in love, the sirens call becomes deafening and intolerable. Finally, I said, ÂÅ'Stop it! She stopped playing and looked at me. She then said, with a smileŠ ÂÅ'Werther you are ill. Your dearest food is distasteful to you.' The scene is interesting because the similarity between the sirens call and Charlottes music is s o manifest; it is also disturbing because Charlotte smiles when Werther explains that the music is painful. It seems to indicate that she may unconsciously recognize she is tormenting him and perhaps enjoys it by attaining some sort of narcissistic pleasure from it. Only at the very end of the story, does Charlotte half unconsciously recognize that she has romantic feelings for Werther: Amid all these reflections she felt, for the first time, deeply though half unconsciously, that it was her secret wish to keep him for herself. Here we see that Charlotte and Penelope are both the same type of siren: the unconscious siren. As unconscious sirens, they unconsciously seduce men into falling in love with them but since they are unattainable women, men become sick in their unrequited love. There is no evidence to suggest that Charlotte premeditates or enjoys her destruction of her suitor; for this reason she is an unconscious sirens; she does not take pleasure in her seduction and destruction of men.Werther understands that his unfulfilled love is destroying him and other men around him: She does not see, she does not feel that she is preparing a poison which will destroy us both; and I drink deeply of the draught that is to prove my destruction. Sirens destroy many men that grow too attached to them and so it makes sense that other men in the novel are destroyed by their love for Charlotte. Werther describes a madman who searches feebly in winter for nosegays for his sweetheart. His mother explains that the madman was quite violent and had to be chained down in a madhouse for a whole year. In a subsequent letter, Werther reveals that the madman had been another suitor of Charlotte. Just as Penelope, as siren, sends many to their insanity, so does Charlotte. In conclusion, Werther reads the Penelope passages in Homer as stories that parallel his own life; in interpreting the fate of the suitors to be his own fate he watches himself be destroyed by h is love for Charlotte. Werthers understanding of Charlotte as being similar to Penelope stems from the fact that they have many traits in common: they act as mothers and wives while paradoxically acting as seducers and sirens. There are many issues left to be resolved in this relationship. First, is Charlotte conscious of the parallel between her character and Penelope? If so, is she self-consciously fashioning her behavior intentionally to the Penelope model? There are many clues in the text that suggest she is reading along with Werther: she recognizes Klopstock as Werther does in the storm and, in another instance, gives Homer to Werther as a gift along with the ribbon from her dress. Another issue, yet unresolved, is the extent to which Charlotte is conscious of her destruction of Werther. Charlotte marries Albert soon after her mothers death partially because it is her mothers dying wish for Charlotte to reestablish a family life for her young brothers and sisters. Is she narcissistically using Werther as a device for living the fleeting passions of young love, the passions she had to sacrifice to fulfill her mothers wish? Questions of Charlottes motivations are hard to answer due to the epistolary form of the novel. At the same time, they are fascinating issues that suggest Goethe has created in Sorrows of Young Werther a novel with multiple layers of ironic complexity to perplex and amuse.

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 1756 Words

The story of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart takes place in Umuofia, a set of villages, where the Nigerian tribe and Ibo people settle. A tribesman and the protagonist named Okonkwo is the famous leader in Umuofia. Okonkwo is very brave, but he stands solo when it comes to deciding to fight. He is afraid of how people will view on him through his actions towards the society because men play big roles in their culture. With his victory against Amalinze the Cat, Okonkwo brought more fame towards his position in the Ibo society. Although his braveness and courageousness in fighting is strong, Okonkwo is afraid to be emotional and thought of weak like his father, Unoka. Unoka is a talented musician, yet he is lazy and irresponsible. He had†¦show more content†¦As he brings the people of Umuofia together to battle, everyone has been played in mind games from the missionaries and causes Okonkwo to lead to frustration and later on to his death. Through what Okonkwo has experienced, Okonkwo plays the role of a tragic hero in literature. A tragic hero is a literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy (Dictionary.com). Okonkwo is a tragic hero by appearing as a hero figure towards the people of Umuofia with a surprising resolution of committing suicide due to his fear of being his father. A tragic hero is not just a famous person dying, but a person with a minor flawed trait in his character or personality. Okonkwo falls from his dignity in the Ibo society and into suicide making him a tragic hero. His tragic flaw, experiences in the setback of his society, and the recognition of what had happened to the Ibo society defines the characteristics of a tragic hero. How we read these characteristics is what helps us determine whether he is really a tragic hero or not. In the course of a successfully tragic work, Aristotle says that the audience should be moved by the actions of the hero to experience the emotions of pity and fear (study.com). Aristotle suggests that a hero of a tragedy must evoke

Effects Of Parental Addiction On Children - 1457 Words

THE EFFECTS PARENTAL ADDICTIONS HAVE ON CHILDREN Alexis Holcomb The cost of alcohol and substance abuse in the United States reaches heights of four hundred eighty four billion dollars per year (â€Å"Magnitude†). That’s about seven hundred eighty times the amount it cost to diagnose and treat sexually transmitted diseases in the year 2000 (Chesson). The sole purpose of this is not to persuade you one way or the other on this topic. Nor is the purpose to apologize for this social issue. The purpose of this writing is to employ data showing the societal effects parental addictions have on children, to show how this data has remained relevant in society, and to show how it is affecting our future members of society. In this paper, I look at forms of substance abuse and the effects on children. I will be using the following headings to break down the different issues associated with this social problem: social causes, phenomenon, and consequences. I hope to educate those that may be ignorant to the situation, and help to spark a flame that can be used to not be a bystander, but a solution to the problem at hand. Social Causes An estimated twenty five percent of youth under eighteen are exposed to familial alcohol abuse (Bellum). The Illinois Department of Human Services says that nearly six hundred seventy five thousand children per year suffer serious abuse or neglect as a direct result of substance abuse (‘Children†). What makes this a big problem in society?Show MoreRelatedThe Disastrous Effects Of Parental Drug Addiction On Children1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Disastrous Impact of Parental Drug Addiction on Children Drug addiction is a serious issue in not only America today, but globally. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, substance addiction is a â€Å"chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite the harmful consequences† (â€Å"What is drug addiction?†). Drug abuse affects not only the user, but those around the user as well. The actions of a drug user place a significant amount of worryRead MoreEssay on Effects of Parental Drug Abuse on Children1750 Words   |  7 PagesHeather Swenson Mandy Jesser English Composition I 1 May 2013 Effects of Parental Drug Abuse on Their Children As soon as birth, children are exposed to new things; new life experiences that will develop the path of which direction their life will take. Adolescence is the most important time in a child’s life because it is where they learn appropriate behavior from their family and the outside world. Some children are able to use these experiences to differentiate at an early age what isRead MoreJuvenile Children Of Alcoholics ( Acoas )1594 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily members who suffer the effects of living with someone who is an alcoholic? Often, children spend their entire youth and young adulthood dealing with the repercussions of having a parent who is under the influence. The research pertaining to adult children of alcoholics (ACoAs) is relatively new; the concept was recently coined in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was only then that researchers began to investigate the devastating and long-term effects parental alcoholism has on the rest ofRead MoreCharacteristics Of Al coholic Parents And How Alcohol Dependency May Influences Their Children s Well Being1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthought process and decision making. When a parent has a dependency on alcohol, it affects the decision making not only in their life, but the life of their child’s. An addiction to alcoholism can change the parent’s parenting style in the moment of consumption and in between alcohol consumption, whiles they are sober. Children of alcoholics (COA’s) are at risk for different problems, both internalized and externalized issues. Some of these issues that COA’s may face include, school struggle andRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Society1588 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding to its negative effects on peoples psychological and physical problems, especially in children and teens. Video games are now recognized by a study as an addiction according to the journal Psychological Science: â€Å"Researchers used data on 1,200 children and teens taken from a survey. About 8.5% were addicted to video games and showed at least 6 of 11 signs of addictive behavior. For example, skipped schoolwork to play games or ‘escape’ bad feeling† (â€Å"Video Games Addiction Is Real†). Studies madeRead MoreThe Importance Of A Substance Abuse Treatment Group Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of proposing a substance abuse treatment group was to break the barriers that m other-child relationships may face in result to maternal addiction and substance-abuse. Treatment that is geared for maternal addicted mothers can help them recover quickly and protect their infant children from the dangers of drugs and health consequences. The program will be gender specific, distinctively for substance-dependent women who are mothers. The group will conduct its work by following through aRead MoreChild Development Is The Growth And Change Within A Child s Intellectual And Mental Abilities Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the process of reports and resources, shows that â€Å"cognitive development is the growth and change in a child’s intellectual and mental abilities† Cognitive Development Domain - Child Development (CA Dept. of Education), 2016). Here is where children â€Å"learn† their â€Å"reasoning†,† thinking†, and â€Å"understanding† of his or her â€Å"acquisitions†, and â€Å"consolidation of knowledge† Cognitive Development Domain - Child Development (CA Dept. of Education), 2016). The article also proves the fact that atRead MoreJustice For Drug Offenses Or Just Ice Cold?1408 Words   |  6 PagesDeon had been one of the hundreds of thousands of people arrested for a drug law offense. He received a short jail sentence for buying heroin, and was back to feeding his heroin addiction on the streets. Once he was caught a second time, a drug treatment program was put in place; yet, Deon didn’t want to end his addiction there. After overdosing, a social worker at his hospital helped him on his journey to recovery with meetings and classes. Deon had met his grandson and realized he can make it withoutRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1743 Words   |  7 Pagesto think something is true when it is not, and cause addiction. Although the monitoring of social media done by parents prevents them from new communication methods, it can protect them from the har mful effects of the internet, and therefore parents should help their kids’ learn about and avoid these harmful effects. Parents should check in on their kids frequently to see how they are doing because of the many causes of low self esteem in children done by social media. Cyber bullying is one of theseRead MoreThe Effects Of Prescription Drugs On The Patient s Doctor Or Parent?1558 Words   |  7 Pagesused to treat ADD began to stand out immensely. While abuse of both drugs can result in the adolescent patient to physically endure multiple unnecessary and unwanted side effects, more importantly, antibiotic overuse is the main cause of antibiotic resistance, and improper use of psychiatric medications increase the risk of addiction greatly. Through further investigation, I began to question who was truly to blame for the vast misuse of these prescription drugs: the patient’s doctor or parent? While

Nicholas The Last Tsar Essay Example For Students

Nicholas: The Last Tsar Essay Nicholas: The LastTsarIn his book, The Last Tsar, Edvard Radzinskydescribes a very interesting viewpoint of the life and death of NicholasAlexandrovich, the last Russian Tsar. Radzinskys illustration of thisill-fated monarch follows the diaries of Nicholas from their beginningon March 1, 1881, to the final entry on July 16, 1918.1 Radzinsky mainlygoes over pre-marital relationship between Nicholas and Alexandra, themedical condition of Nicholas son, Alexei, and the imprisonment and executionof Nicholas and his family. The relationship between Nicholas II andAlexandra began in 1884. Alexandra, the daughter of Louis IV, the GrandDuke of Hesse-Darmstadt, a tiny state in Germany, was born in 1872.2 Hergrandmother was Queen Victoria of England, her oldest sister married anEnglish prince, her second sister married a Russian Grand Duke and herthird sister married a German prince. Nicholas and Alexandra met duringthe wedding of her second sister, Ella, to Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Alexandra was only twelve and Nicholas was only sixteen, but he statedin his diary that he fell in love with her a first sight. Nicholas father,Tsar Alexander III, did not approve of Alexandra, because of the fact thatshe was the granddaughter of the English Queen. Instead, he suggested thatNicholas marry a princess from the House of Orleans. His decision was baselymainly on politics, as he was striving for an alliance between Russia andFrance. Alexanders suggestion did not have any effect on Nicholas, ashe seemed certain to marry his childhood sweetheart, Alexandra. That daycame in 1894, when Alexander was on his deathbed, suffering from a kidneydisease that he had contracted in a train wreck six years earlier. On April8, 1894, at the wedding of Alexandras brother, her and Nicholas were engaged.3On November 14, 1894, a month after the death of his father Nicholas marriedAlexandra and officially became the tsar of Russia. We will write a custom essay on Nicholas: The Last Tsar specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Alexei Nikolaevich, the first son of Nicholasand Alexandra was born on July 30, 1904, following the births of four daughters. The problem of who would rule Russia in case of an accident to Nicholaswas solved. However, there was a new problem, as Alexei was diagnosed withhemophilia. Hemophilia is a disease that weakened the walls of the arteriesso that any blow or intense pressure can cause the blood vessels to burstand can mean the end.4 Rumours of a holy man, named Grigory Rasputin,however, living in the backwoods of Siberia gave rise to Alexanders hopesthat her sons hemophilia could be cured. Rasputin possessed what somecalled a gift of healing, as he repeatedly healed possibly fatal woundssuffered by Alexei.5 The first time he helped Alexei was when Alexei hadsuffered a bruise on his leg was in agonizing pain. Rasputin walked toAlexeis bed, grasped Alexeis leg and healed the possibly fatal bruise. There are many stories where Rasputin healed Alexei without physicallybeing there. For example, in 1912, Alexei was suffering from a common cold. When he tried to blow his nose, the blood vessels burst and the blood beganto gush. The doctors could do nothing to help. When all hope was fading,they received a telegram from Rasputin. It read God will help you, behealthy,6Nicholas II was forced to end the Romanovrule over Russia after three hundred years, as he forfeited the throneon March 2, 1917 because of the Russian Revolution. However, the peoplewere still so upset with him, that the Petrograd Soviet of Workers andSoldiers Deputies passed a decree the day following the abdication. TheDeputies ordered the arrest of Nicholas II and the members of the Romanovdynasty on March 3, 1917. The family and everyone who remained with themwere to be isolated from the outside world within the confines of AlexandersPalace, complete with an inside and outside guard. However, soon after,rumours were spreading that claimed the imperial family had escaped toEngland. Therefore, the provisional government sent the family and theirservants to Tobo lsk, in Siberia, on July 31, 1917.7 After spending aboutnine months under heavy supervision, the family was going to be transportedto Moscow to stand trial for treason against Russia. However, this planwas only a fake, as the family was never intended to make it to Moscow. .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 , .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 .postImageUrl , .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 , .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9:hover , .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9:visited , .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9:active { border:0!important; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9:active , .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9 .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub23e5453cca9d26c95d51e48807847d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: It's Not About School Prayer EssayThe real plan was that the Uralite Bolsheviks would seize the train onits way to Moscow and take the family to the Uralite capital of Ekaterinburg.8In Ekaterinburg, the family was put in a prison in one of the towns largesthouses, the Ipatiev House. About two months later, when the Ural capitalwas surrounded by the Czech Legion and the White Army who were intent onoverthrowing the Bolsheviks, a decision about the family had to be made. The Bolsheviks sent a telegram to Moscow containing the plans for an executionof the imperial family on July 16, 1918.9 Once the consent came from Moscow,the family was awakened in the early hours of July 17 and taken down tothe cellar for what they thought was a family photograph. However, theyall realized there would be no photograph, when Yakov Yurovsky, a memberof the Uralites, read out the familys death sentence. As soon as he hadfinished, the shots began and minutes later, the family and their servantslay dead in a pool of their own blood. They loaded up the bodies into atruck and buried them in a pre-selected gravesite. Thus, within a time span of just over ayear, both the rule and lives of the imperial family were ended by revolutionaries,and one of the greatest dynastys the world has ever known came to an end.

Rim Swot Analysis free essay sample

We will market our products and services based on their unique characteristics, innovation and quality. Using this operation strategy globally, RIM has managed to launch a long array of products under the brand name â€Å"Blackberry† which include Blackberry Curve, Blackberry Torch, Blackberry Bold, Blackberry Playbook and is currently about to launch its new Product Platform- Blackberry 10. RIM intends on operating to create value for stakeholders and create a less complex and more accountable organization. Staff: As of March 3, 2012, RIM had approximately 16,500 full-time employees: approximately 6,100 in the product development area; approximately 1,500 in sales and marketing; approximately 1,300 in customer care and technical support; approximately 1,950 in manufacturing and supply chain; and approximately 5,650 in administration and business professional functions. All these employees are working towards achieving the RIM objective of allowing hyper-connected users to communicate on more than one scale. The employees as well as RIM suppliers are expected to follow a well-implemented code of conduct. We will write a custom essay sample on Rim Swot Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Logistics: The Company’s corporate headquarters and new product introduction manufacturing facilities are based in Waterloo, with other offices located in Ottawa, Mississauga, and Europe and US. RIM encourages its customers to report any issues and concerns they may have. Through this we foster our Company’s success by not allowing potentially unethical behavior to meddle with our efficiency, innovation and progress. This enables information management for an efficient production process and happy customers. Before launching a product the company needs to conduct an environmental analysis to ensure that the product will have higher chances of survival and profitability once it comes out in to the open. This includes PEST analysis and SWOT analysis of external and internal factors related to the company. This includes the government rules and regulations regarding ethical standards, trade, copyrights, privacy and labour unions. RIM is using these to its advantages by entering into confidentiality agreements with its employees, consultants, contract manufacturers, customers, potential customers and others to attempt to limit access to and distribution of its proprietary information, to purchase patents, and RIM may also license its technology and intellectual property to third parties through various licensing agreements. All these enable a prosperous environment for RIM’s growth. However, RIM also needs to ensure that its products meet standards. RIM’s BlackBerry wireless devices meet FCC, Industry Canada, and EC requirements. In addition, RIM devices have received regulatory approvals required by other countries where such products are made commercially available by RIM. In parts of Europe and North America, the Company is currently obligated to comply with substance restrictions, packaging regulations, energy efficiency ratings and certain product take back and recycling requirements. Thus, by carefully examining the political environment, a company can ensure its viability. Economic Environment: North America, Australia, East Asia and parts of Europe are going through a period of economic stability. The GPD per capita values for all these regions are greater than 30,000US$ (a high value) with US having the highest, followed by Canada and so on. Such a high GDP per capita shows that there is more demand for consumer goods and thus higher purchasing power parity. They allow us to open an expensive business like ours. Since the purchasing power is rising, people will be more willing to buy high-end luxurious products. Thus the economic environment welcomes the birth of new innovative products and concepts. Sociocultural Environment: Our goal is to focus on customers that come from higher social statuses and income levels above average. With the increasing amounts of women working the average workforce has increased which means more people would need a Blackberry Empathy. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes the need of self-belonging- we all want to belong to a group and have someone who always loves us. Two of the cultural values Schwartz observed in numerous cultures were universalism and benevolence. Thus, the new Empathy would be perfect to help foster such a culture. Also, since RIM is targeting enterprise users globally it recognizes and respects diversity in its efforts. Technological Environment: Owing to the ever-expanding fast paced development in technology with the help of Research and Development, a firm needs to stay on track with these technological changes. Similarly, RIM intends to take advantage of specific government and academic financial assistance programs to support its research activities where available. The Company has previously entered into two project development agreements with Technology Partnerships Canada which provided partial funding for certain research and development projects. Also, since the new technological trend is to communicate through Social Networking Sites, RIM endeavours to increase its brand reputation and company name through word of mouth, responsibly.

Stubby Squid Facts

Stubby Squid Facts The stubby squid, or Rossia pacifica, is a species of bobtail squid native to the Pacific Rim. It is known for its large, complex (googly) eyes and reddish brown to purple coloration, which turns wholly opalescent greenish grey when disturbed. Its small size and striking appearance have led scientists to compare it to a stuffed toy. While they are called squids, in fact, they are closer to cuttlefish. Fast Facts: Stubby Squid Scientific Name: Rossia pacifica pacifica, Rossia pacifica diagensisCommon Names: Stubby squid, Pacific bob-tailed squid, North Pacific bobtail squidBasic Animal Group: Invertebrate  Ã‚  Size: Body length about 2 inches (males) to 4 inches (females)Weight: Less than 7 ouncesLifespan: 18 months to 2 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Polar and deepwater habitats along the Pacific RimPopulation: Unknown  Conservation Status: Data deficient Description   Stubby squids are cephalopods, members of the Sepiolidae family, the subfamily Rossinae, and the genus Rossia. Rossia pacifica is divided into two subspecies: Rossia pacifica pacifica and Rossia pacifica diegensis. Diegensis is found only in the eastern Pacific coast off Santa Catalina Island. It is smaller and more delicate, has larger fins, and lives at greater depths (nearly 4,000 feet) than the rest of the R. pacifica species. Stubby squids look like a combination of octopus and squid- but they are actually neither, being more closely related to cuttlefish.   Stubby squids have a smooth, soft body (mantle) that is short and round with a separate head marked by two large complex eyes. Radiating out from the body are eight suckered arms and two long tentacles which retract and extend as needed to grasp dinner or each other. The tentacles end in clubs which also have suckers. The mantle (body) of the females measure up to 4.5 inches, about twice that of the male (about 2 inches). Each of the arms has two to four rows of suckers which differ slightly in size. The male has one arm with a hectocotylized sucker at the dorsal end to allow him to fertilize the female. Stubby squids have two ear-shaped fins and a slender, delicate internal shell (pen). They produce a great deal of mucus and are sometimes found wearing a Jello jacket of mucus to protect themselves from polluted waters. A man holds a stubby squid which begins to secrete a mucous as a defensive behavior. West Seattle, Washington. Stuart Westmorland / Getty Images Plus Habitat and Range Rossia pacifica is native to the northern rim of the Pacific Ocean from Japan to southern California, including the polar reaches of the Bering Strait. They spend the winters on sandy slopes in moderately shallow water, and the summers in deeper water where they breed.   They prefer sandy to mud-sand bottoms and are found in coastal waters, where they spend most of the day resting at depths of 50–1,200 feet (rarely 1,600 feet) below the surface. When they hunt at night they can be found swimming at or near the coastlines. Preferring to live in shrimp beds near their main prey, they dig themselves into the sand during the day so that only their eyes are visible. When disturbed they turn an opalescent greenish-gray color and squirt out a blob of black ink- octopus and squid ink is usually brown- that has the shape of a squid body.   Disturbed stubby squid swimming. Scott Stevenson / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring   Spawning takes place in deep water during the late summer and fall. Male stubby squids impregnate females by grasping them with their tentacles and inserting the hectocotylus-armed arm into the females mantle cavity where he deposits the spermatophores. After accomplishing fertilization, the male dies.   The female lays between 120–150 eggs in batches of about 50 eggs (each under two-tenths of an inch); the batches separated by about three weeks. Each egg is embedded in a large creamy white and durable capsule measuring between 0.3–0.5 inches. The mother attaches the capsules singly or in small groups to seaweeds, clam shells, sponge masses or other objects in the bottom. Then she dies.   After 4–9 months, the young hatch out of the capsules as miniature adults and soon begin to feed on small crustaceans. The lifespan of a stubby squid is between 18 months to two years. Conservation Status   Studies on the stubby squid are difficult, since the creature spends much of its life in deep water, especially compared to its shallow-water Atlantic Ocean cousin Sepioloa atlantica. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the stubby squid as data deficient.   The stubby squid appears to survive quite well in polluted urban bays, even those with highly polluted bottom sediments, such as the inner harbors of Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. It is often trawled in large quantities off the Sanriku-Hokkaido coasts of Japan and other subarctic Pacific regions, but its meat is considered inferior tasting to other cephalopods and so has low economic value.   Sources Anderson, Roland C. , Stubby squid. The Cephalopod Page.  Rossia pacificaDyer, Anna, Helmstetler, Hans, and Dave Cowles. (Berry, 1911). Invertebrates of the Salish Sea. Walla Walla University, 2005Rossia pacificaGoogly-eyed Stubby Squid. Nautilus Live. YouTube video (2:27).  Jereb, P., and C.F.E. Roper, eds. Rossia pacifica pacifica Berry, 1911. Cephalopods of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date. Vol. 1: Chambered Nautiluses and Sepioids. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005. 185–186.Laptikhovsky, V. V., et al. Reproductive Strategies in Female Polar and Deep-Sea Bobtail Squid Genera Rossia and Neorossia (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae). Polar Biology 31.12 (2008): 1499-507. Print.Montes, Alejandra. Rossia pacifica. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan, 2014.  Rossia pacifica Berry, 1911. Encyclopedia of Life. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

Christmas Around The World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christmas Around The World - Essay Example Perhaps what makes the concept of Christmas universal to all people is its idea of sharing. Taking after the gesture of the three Wise Men in the nativity scene, gifts has become one of the pillars of the Christmas season. People, at this time of the year, delight in giving gifts, from the simplest such as Christmas card, to the most expensive. Today, according to Ace Collins, (2003) â€Å"shoppers spend more than $4 billion per Christmas shopping day, or about $2.8 million each minute, during the holiday season in the United States alone.† (101) Gifts are also attributed to Santa Claus or Father Christmas and Saint Nicholas in other cultures. His iconography evolved through the years and has become one that visits houses on Christmas Eve to deliver gifts to children and families who have been good. As mentioned beforehand, there are unique Christmas customs across countries, so it would take a very long list to chronicle each of them, hence, we would discuss them in generalities. For instance, the Far East such Japan, Korea and the countries with different religions have a more secular celebration giving emphasis to gifts, the Christmas tree and preparing Christmas dinner. However, in countries like Ethiopia, Guatemala and Mexico, the spiritual aspects predominate – midnight mass, Christmas carol, religious procession and other solemn ceremonies. Countries such as the United States with its multicultural population have varying degrees of religious and secular celebrations and activities. Unique traditions significantly mark specific country celebrations. For example, the Philippines celebrates the longest Christmas season, starting as early as October. Two basic Christmas meanings or purposes predominate around the world - the religious and the secular. On the one hand there is an emphasis on the birth of Jesus and its significance to the world while on the other there is an emphasis on the abundant feasting, frolicking and good cheer.